2 KNO3 + S + 3 C → K2S + N2 + 3 CO2
The above equation represents the chemical reaction that occurs after you light up your boom stick.
I am fairly certain the round would fire, but wouldn't firing a round in space propel you at the same speed as the round in the opposite direction?
I say yes, but I'm no physics major. I would probably think the person firing the gun would want to be locked down to something or the recoil would push them into deep space.
As a fellow nerd, I would point out that "hits something or burns up on re-entry" is redundant.
What exactly are you shooting? That's only for black powder. Modern smokeless rounds use a double base (usually) nitrocellulose/nitroglycerine NC/NG based powder. The powders carry their own oxygen. Muzzle flash is caused by a secondary combustion of hot gases coming into contact with atmospheric oxygen, so in space smokeless powders should have a lower muzzle flash.
We discussed this a few years ago: https://www.indianagunowners.com/forums/general_firearms_discussion/7517-gun_on_the_moon.html
I say no. The temp in space is about 3 K or -454 F. At those temps the primer could not generate enough heat to ignite the powder.
Except for the fact there is little to no heat transfer in a vacuum.
So if the gun was room temperature when you took it with you on a spacewalk it would likely remain room temperature for hours or even days. Unless you encountered a cloud of gas or dust.
I would say that the greater danger isn't the gun getting to cold its the gun getting to hot from solar radiation.