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  • actaeon277

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    I'm in a 'discussion' right now with some anti-gun slob.
    If we just banned guns, everything would be okay.
    Feel free to drop by.
    It's in the thread about GFZ and 30.06 signs

     

    actaeon277

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    2A_Tom

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    Article in First in Freedom, Department of defense panel wants to take away service members 2A rights to prevent suicide.

    Limiting or Reducing Access to Highly Lethal Methods of Suicide

    Research shows that limiting or reducing access to highly lethal methods for suicidal behavior—a strategy sometimes referred to as lethal means reduction—are correlated with reductions in suicide mortality. Reducing access to highly lethal methods can prevent suicide in two ways. First, limiting or reducing access to suicide attempt methods can avert some suicide attempts by thwarting a service member’s ability to make a suicide attempt. Second, limiting or reducing access to the most dangerous or most lethal methods can prevent some suicide deaths by improving the survivability of suicide attempts. Though a suicide attempt may occur, the act is much less likely to result in death.

    Lethal means reduction efforts are most effective when they focus on methods that are both highly lethal and commonly used (Mann et al., 2005). Within the military, firearms meet both criteria. With respect to lethality, suicide attempts with a firearm are fatal over 90% of the time (Conner et al., 2019). With respect to frequency, DoD data indicate approximately 66% of active-duty suicides, 72% of Reserve suicides, and 78% of National Guard suicides involve firearms. Several lines of evidence suggest that limiting or reducing firearm availability could dramatically reduce the military’s suicide rate. For example, a simple policy change requiring Israeli military personnel to store their military-issued weapons in armories over the weekend led to a 40% reduction in the Israeli military’s suicide rate (Lubin et al., 2010). A similar reduction in suicide deaths occurred among District of Columbia residents after the enactment of the Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975, which included provisions requiring DC residents to securely store personally owned firearms in their homes using a locking device (Loftin et al., 1991). The reductions in suicides among DC residents was not mirrored in neighboring counties, however, suggesting the effect only benefited those who were legally subject to its provisions. Next, epidemiological studies have found that mandatory waiting periods after firearm purchases are correlated with lower suicide rates (Anestis et al., 2017; Luca et al., 2017; Ludwig & Cook, 2000). Finally, a research synthesis conducted by RAND found that among all firearm policies, the evidence was strongest for child access prevention laws - which promote safe firearm storage – on decreasing firearm suicides and 58 total suicide. Collectively, these studies suggest that policies that encourage (or require) secure firearm storage practices and slow firearm acquisition could prevent some military suicides.

    5.12 Repeal Public Law 112-239 Section 1057 and replace with procedural due process regarding the collection and recording of information relating to the lawful acquisition, possession, ownership, carrying, or other use of a privately owned firearm or weapon by military personnel and civilian employees of the DoD. Section 1057 of Public Law 112-239, as amended, also known as the 2011 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), prohibits the Secretary of Defense from collecting or recording any information relating to the lawful acquisition, possession, ownership, carrying, or other use of a privately owned firearm or ammunition by a service member or civilian employee of the DoD. Initially developed to prevent the unconstitutional infringement of service members’ right to acquire, possess, and use firearms when not on DoD property, multiple policy officials, law enforcement personnel, leaders, and military researchers indicated that legal interpretations of this provision have severely impeded DoD efforts to understand and prevent military suicides. One military lawyer noted, “I used to be able to ask if [fellow service members] have weapons” and that “allowing commander to know if a service member has a firearm off-post would be very useful; I have heard commanders lament that.” This provision has subsequently been added to other DoD policies like DODI 6400.09, DoD Policy on Integrated Primary Prevention of Self-Directed Harm and Prohibited Abuse or Harm. Congress should repeal this section of the law and replace it with language that allows the Secretary of Defense to collect or record information about the lawful possession, ownership, carrying, or other use of a privately owned firearm or ammunition by service members and civilian employees when such information is necessary for the purposes of injury and mortality prevention. To ensure the Constitutional rights of service members and civilian employees are not infringed by this change, Congress should write and pass new laws that specify the penalties for the unlawful use of such information and records.
    • Public Law 112-239 SEC. 1057. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION RELATING TO PROHIBITION ON INFRINGING ON THE INDIVIDUAL RIGHT TO LAWFULLY ACQUIRE, POSSESS, OWN, CARRY, AND OTHERWISE USE PRIVATELY OWNED FIREARMS, AMMUNITION, AND OTHER WEAPONS. Section 1062(c) of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 (Public Law 111–383; 124 Stat. 4363) is amended— (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ‘‘; or’’ and inserting a semicolon; (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘others.’’ and inserting ‘‘others; or’’; and (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: ‘‘(3) authorize a health professional that is a member of the Armed Forces or a civilian employee of the Department of Defense or a commanding officer to inquire if a member of the Armed Forces plans to acquire, or already possesses or owns, a privately-owned firearm, ammunition, or other weapon, if such health professional or such commanding officer has reasonable grounds to believe such member is at risk for suicide or causing harm to others.’’.

    5.13 Direct the Office of General Counsel to issue guidance that outlines how information about firearm acquisition, possession, ownership, carrying, or other use of a privately owned firearm or weapon by military personnel and civilian employees of the DoD can be legally collected by program evaluators. Changing and conflicting interpretations of Public Law 112-239 Section 1057 have recently impeded program evaluation efforts “… we are not allowed to ask service members off-post if they have firearms. I have soldiers returning from complex deployments. I used to be able to ask if they have weapons. When that serious event came up, I used to have the list. That list used to help commanders to take things seriously. Allowing commanders to know if a service member has a firearm off-post would be very useful. I have heard commanders lament that.” --Military Officer 59 focused on suicide prevention, even when the program evaluations are directed by Congress. The OGC should be directed to develop and issue guidance that outlines how firearm-related information can be collected from military personnel and civilian employees of the DoD for the specific purposes of program evaluation in a manner that meets the intent and requirements of Public Law 112-239 Section 1057.

    5.14 Establish standards for DoD-approved firearm safety training requirements: DoDD 5210.56 Section 4.3 specifies the minimum qualifications for government personnel to carry privately owned firearms on DoD property. Firearm safety courses often cover issues such as safely loading and unloading a firearm, keeping one’s finger off the trigger until ready to shoot, and being aware of one’s intended target and what is behind it. Topics like using secure firearm storage methods and suicide prevention are discussed less (Hemenway et al., 2019). The DoD should establish minimum standards for firearm safety training that include content about (1) suicide prevention, and (2) information about secure firearm storage methods including but not limited to safes, cable locks, trigger locks, and lock boxes, and (3) should require demonstrated proficiency in the operation and use of firearms, and (4) the operation and use of firearm locking devices. DoD-approved firearm safety training should be provided by a firearm safety organization or the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security. Firearm safety curriculum should be updated at least once every 5 years; should be required of all DoD personnel who acquire, possess, own, carry or otherwise use a firearm, whether privately owned or as part of their work-related duties; and should be made available to all DoD beneficiaries who want to attend. These requirements mirror the requirements outlined by DoDI 6055.04 for motorcycle safety training.

    5.14.1 Require DoD-approved firearm safety training, including refresher and sustainment training every five years. The DoD should establish policies that require individuals who possess a privately owned or work-issued firearm to attend and complete the DoD-approved firearm safety training referenced in 5.14. Refresher and sustainment training should be required at least once every 5 years. This should be required for, at a minimum: - All military personnel and civilian employees who acquire, own, possess, or carry a firearm - Those who purchase a firearm on DoD property

    5.15 Implement a 7-day waiting period for any firearm purchased on DoD property. As stated above, research has found that suicides are reduced in jurisdictions with mandatory waiting periods following the purchase of a firearm. Implementing a waiting period for firearms purchased from a Military Exchange or another vendor on DoD property could prevent some suicides that are rapidly occurring in response to sudden life stressors or intense emotional distress.

    5.16 Develop a national database for recording serial numbers of firearms purchased on DoD property. Routine collection of serial numbers of firearms purchased on DoD property will allow for the tracking of firearms used in military suicides. This data should be cross-referenced in investigations determining the origin of the firearm purchase. 60

    5.17 Implement a 4-day waiting period for ammunition purchases on DoD property to follow purchases and receipt of firearms purchased on DoD property. Coupled with mandatory waiting periods for firearm purchases, implementing a corresponding waiting period for ammunition purchases will further reduce rapidly occurring responses to sudden life stressors or intense emotional distress. Each retailer will be required to develop a system that tracks when a firearm was purchased and when ammunition may be purchased.

    5.18 On DoD property, raise the minimum age for purchasing firearms and ammunition to 25 years. Approximately half of all military suicides occur among personnel 25 years old or younger. Firearms are used in less than 35% of suicides among military personnel 17- 20 years old but become the predominant suicide method starting at 21 years old (Figure 5.1), which corresponds to the minimum purchase age for handguns and ammunition under the Gun Control Act of 1968 and in many U.S. states. Raising the minimum purchase age for buying any firearms or ammunition on DoD property to 25 years could prevent some suicides among younger military personnel by reducing their availability. This policy change would not preclude young service members from legally purchasing firearms from off-base dealer but could reduce firearm availability by delaying the acquisition of a first firearm by younger military personnel.

    5.19 Incentivize the acquisition and use of firearm locking devices by providing discounts for firearm locking devices purchased at a Military Exchange. Distribution of cable locks has become a common strategy employed by the DoD and VA for encouraging secure firearm storage among firearm-owning service members. Although low cost and scalable, cable locks are disfavored as compared to other locking devices like safes, lockboxes, invehicle locks, and clam shell cases. However, these preferred locking devices are more expensive, which can create economic barriers to adoption, especially by younger service members with lower salaries. To circumvent this barrier and encourage wider adoption of secure firearm storage practices, the DoD should fund an incentive program that offers discounts to service members, family members, and civilian employees for the purchase of firearm locking devices at a Military Exchange. A graduated discount rate could be employed to offer larger discounts for lower ranking personnel with lower income levels. This recommendation aligns with Section 595 of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, which directs the SECDEF to establish a voluntary Percentage of military suicides from 2010-2021 using a firearm 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent Age Figure 5.1 61 pilot program to promote safe storage of personally owned firearms at five installations by furnishing locking devices and/or firearms safes through direct provision, subsidy, or some other method.

    5.20 Establish command notification procedures when a service member or family member who lives on DoD property purchases a firearm on DoD property. The DoD should establish new policies that require the Military Exchange and any other vendor to notify the Provost Marshal (or equivalent) and military command when a service member, family member, or civilian employee purchases a firearm on DoD property. Multiple military commanders and senior leaders reported wanting to know when service member purchased firearms so they could review their high-risk tracking systems. “If someone would have told me that my Soldier had bought a gun on-base, I would have gone to that Soldier right away to check on them because I knew they were having a lot of problems,” one senior enlisted leader reported. A military investigator commented that “far too often we learn that a service member bought a gun on base only after they used it to kill themselves.” Upon notification the provost Marshal and military commander should confirm that the service member or civilian employee has completed DoD-approved firearm safety training curriculum. Firearm purchases should not be finalized until firearm safety training can be verified.

    5.21 Require anyone living on DoD property in military housing to register all privately owned firearms with the installation’s arming authority and to securely store all privately owned firearms in a locked safe or with another locking device. Nearly half (44%) of military suicides occur on DoD property, most often in personal residences and living quarters. Research shows that storing firearms with a safe or locking device can prevent some suicides in residents of homes with firearms. (Monuteaux et al., 2019; Shenassa et al., 2004). Service members, family members, and anyone else living in base housing other than barracks or dorms should be required to store their privately owned firearms in the armory, in a privately owned gun safe, or another locking device. Minimum requirements for armory storage and procedures for the accountability of privately owned firearms and ammunition should be in accordance with DoD Manual 5100.76. Consistent with DoDD 5210.56, privately owned firearms and ammunition should be stored separate from government arms and ammunition.

    5.22 Establish DoD policy restricting the possession and storage of privately owned firearms in military barracks and dormitories. The DoD lacks a policy prohibiting the possession, carrying, or use of any firearm in military barracks or dormitories for reasons that are not related to the performance of official duties. Although secure storage options like armories are available on base, multiple military personnel expressed concern about limited use of this option because of inconsistent enforcement of policy. For example, one safety officer observed that “there are armories on base that can be used [to store privately owned firearms] but they don’t have as many personal firearms as would be expected.” “Far too often we learn that a service member bought a gun on base only after they used it to kill themselves.” --Military Investigator 62 Multiple military leaders also reported that they too often found out that a barracks resident kept a firearm in their barracks room only after they had died of self-inflicted gunshot wound. The lack of consistent policy across Services and installations hinders consistent enforcement. Establishing a DoD policy that restricts the possession and storage of privately owned firearms in military barracks and dormitories could prevent some military suicides by reducing access and availability during periods of acutely elevated suicide risk. Minimum requirements for armory storage and procedures for the accountability of privately owned firearms and ammunition should be in accordance with DoD Manual 5100.76. Consistent with DoDD 5210.56, privately owned firearms and ammunition should be stored separate from government arms and ammunition.

    5.23 Prohibit the possession of privately owned firearms that are not related to the performance of official duties on DoD property by anyone who does not live on DoD property. DoDD 5210.56 Section 4 allows DoD personnel to carry privately owned firearms for purposes not related to the performance of official duties on DoD property under certain circumstances. The DoD should amend this policy to prohibit the possession of privately owned firearms by anyone who does not live on DoD property for any purpose not related to the performance of official duties.

    5.24 Develop and implement a multimedia public education campaign to promote secure firearm storage. DoD-funded research shows that tailored public education messages that encourage secure firearm storage increase service members’ willingness to adopt secure firearm storage practices (Anestis et al., 2021). Law enforcement and combat arms professions are perceived as especially credible messengers (Anestis et al., 2021; Anestis et al., 2022; Bandel et al., 2022). Messaging should not be specific to suicide prevention, however; messaging should emphasize responsible firearm ownership and injury prevention in general. The DoD should set aside sufficient funds to develop and implement a coordinated multimedia campaign to encourage safe firearm storage among military personnel and family members. The DoD should collaborate with researchers and marketing professionals to optimize and evaluate the impact of these messages. Reducing Non-Firearm Lethal Means The second most commonly used method to die by suicide among service members is asphyxiation or hanging. As noted above, limiting or reducing access to means may reduce suicide attempts and death. The DoD should mitigate means for asphyxiation and hanging on base and partner with local communities to implement prevention strategies at locations commonly used for suicide.

    5.25 Ensure that all shower curtain rods, window curtain rods, and closet rods installed in barracks, dormitories, and military housing can “break away” with excessive load. Military leaders reported that some barracks, dormitories, and military housing have shower rods, window curtain rods, and closet rods that are bolted or otherwise securely affixed to the walls, preventing them from collapsing under excessive weight loads. One military officer reported that closet rods were so secure in one barracks that service members joked about using them for pull-ups. Replacing these common ligature points with break-away alternatives could prevent some suicides by hanging and asphyxiation. 63 5.26 Partner with local communities in collaborative efforts to limit or restrict access to sites or locations commonly used for suicide. Some military installations are located near sites with high suicide counts, sometimes referred to as suicide “hot spots.” For example, the Coronado Bridge in San Diego, which serves as the main thoroughfare for service members and DoD civilian employees who work at Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) is the second deadliest bridge in the U.S. for suicide death. Behavioral health clinicians reported constant concern about their suicidal patients who cross the bridge multiple times per day because service members have died by suicide by jumping from the bridge. Community leaders reported limited engagement from the DoD in collaborative discussions focused on increasing bridge safety to prevent suicide, however. The SPRIRIC also learned that jumping was reportedly more common on installations with tall, multistory buildings without fences, barriers, and other safety features to prevent access to these heights. The DoD should therefore partner with local communities to support efforts aimed at restricting access to sites or locations that are commonly used for suicide. Assisting with funding for the Coronado Bay Bridge Suicide Deterrent Project is one such example of partner potential. The DoD should also ensure that appropriate safety features are installed in multi-story buildings located on DoD property to reduce access to locations that could be used for suicide.
     

    actaeon277

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    FYI, Emily Miller is NOT an anti-gunner.
    She is a pro-gunner.


    Crime Skyrockets on D.C. Metro, Even Though It's a Gun-Free Zone​




    The drastic crime spike adds pressure to a lawsuit against the District for prohibiting people who have a license to carry a pistol concealed from exercising their Second Amendment rights because the whole Metrorail system is a gun-free zone.

    “Every day on the Metro, more people become victims of violent crimes while law-abiding carry permit holders are denied their right to defend themselves,” George Lyon, who is the attorney for the four plaintiffs in Angelo v District of Columbia, told me in an interview.
     

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