100+ yards, complete pass through the chest. I know my rifle. Max range for me with open sights.Well, you can shoot a deer with 9mm ball at 100 yards and kill it, too.
Most people agree that both are poor advice, for voluntary, intentional shots.
A little 485 or 490 round ball, by 100 paces, has lost probably 40% of its speed, and 65-70% of its energy. It's subsonic, and less than HALF the recommended energy levels for large whitetail deer.
It'll also be drifting an inch per mph.....
Better be real good at windage, or tracking. Probably both.